“I can recall nothing in history more worthy of sorrow and pity than the scenes which are passing before our eyes” – Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, vol 1.
Bulshada soomaaliyeed waxay ku dhex jirtaa marxalad cusub oo, iyadu kasoo bilaabatay bishii Ogoosto 2012. Waxay ahayd marxalad la is lahaa waxa cagta la saaray tubtii toosnayd ee dib loogu heli lahaa dowladnimaddii iyo Qarankii innaga lumay 90kii. Nasiib xumo se labo sano ayaa tegay, walina waxaad mooddaa in aan billowgii loo hawl galay wali uusan hirgalin. Maxaa qaldan oo dowladnimada Soomaaliya u hana qaadi la’dahay? Maxaa maalin walba shalay ka dhigay oo u diidan in ay maanta berri noqoto?
Maxaa maalin walba shalay ka dhigay?
Waxa inta badan bulshada loogu sheekeeyaa, laguna soo celceliyaa in sababaha ugu waaween ee ay Soomaaliya dowlad uga hana qaadi la’dahay, tan ugu sii wayni tahay Qabyaalad. Laakiin shaqsiyaadka si xeel-dheer u eegay sababaha Dowladnimada soomaaliya hore ugu socon la’dahay waxa ay qabaan:
Bilow qaldamay – dadkaas waxa ay isku raacsan yihiin in dowladnimada soomaaliya bilowgii ka xumaaday, qaabkuu u xumaadayna waxa aan ka soo qaadanaynaa labo tusaale.
Tusaaleha 1aad:
Bulshada soomaaliyeed sawir qaldan ayeey ka haysatey dowladnimada oo waxa ay ka rajaynayeen in ay dowladnimada ka helaan marka ay dowlad noqdaan iyo waxa dowladnimadu tahay ayaa kala duwanaa. Abwaan Cabdi Muxumed Aamiin (AUN) ayaa sidan u qeexay:
“Ummadda soomaaliyeed markay gobanimada doonaysey, inagu dad reer guuraa ah oo reer baadiyaa baynu nahay oo Dowladnimo waxba kama aynaan aqoonin. Dadkii markaa hogaanka hayey ee inoo, maxaan ku idhaahdaa, madaxda ahaa, ee xisbiyadii ka midka ahaa (SNL iyo USP, SYL) ee gobanimo doonka ahaa labada dhinacba, dadka waxay ugu khudbayn jireen oo loo sheegi jiray dowladnimo haddaan qaadano in dhibaato oo dhami inaga dhamaanayso, in maxaan ku idhaahdaa, kan reer baadiyaa biyo helayo oo lacag helo, oo yacnii nin waliba aynu sida ra’ha wadhaadaa haynayno. Maynaan garanayn macnaha Dowladnimo. Waatii aynu Dowladnimo qaadanay. 1962-kii markay ahayd, ayaa durba la yiri, war sidu sidii maahee, labo sano kadib, illeen dad fudud baynu nahay oo gaajaysan oo ordayee, maxaa Dowladnimadii ku dhacay?” (Wareysi BBCda).
Sida shacabku ugu ‘hungoobay’ dowladnimadii la qaatay (sida ay iyagu u arkayeen) waxa iyana gabayo ku qeexay Hal-abuurada kala ah Alle swt haw wada naxariistee Axmed Ismaaciil Diiriye (Qaasim) iyo Aadan Axmed Yuusuf (Aadan-Carab):
Abwaan Qaasim
“Danbi ku hadli maayo’e ma’arag dawladdaan rabaye
Isma doorin gaalkaan diriyo daarta kii galaye
Dusha midabka soomaali baad dugulka mooddaaye
Misna laguma diirsade qalbigu waa dirkii Karal’e
Meeshaan dad aan urursho iyo darar ka eegaayey
Iyaba waa darxumo ii hadhaye dacar miyaan leefay
Ma dorraato raadkaan dhigaan dib ugu soo laabtay
Sidii aan deyeysanahay miyaan dawgii ka habaabay” – Axmed Ismaaciil Diiriye ‘Qaasim’ Maansada xiddigtii Dagaari (1964).
Abwaan Aadan Carab:
“Ingiriis dalkiisii mudhxay oo, cunay magoolkiisa
Isagoo masaafira haddaan, subax ka miidaanshey
Oo lagu mintiday waw dhamayn, minawarkaan fuullay
Maskab kama dhaxline wiilal baa, helay macaankiiye
Kun nin baa martabadii u hadhay, ama muluugtiiye
Inta kale mus ood laga rogtey, meerayaan dibade
Sidii baan midhaa uga gurtaa madaxa Toomoode
Sidii baan martida caanogeel ugu macsuumaaye
Sidii baan marqaafyo u sitaa maas la ii tolaye
Bal muxuu micneeyo/maslaxadoo i taray minister-kaan doortay?
Af uun malaba shicibkii haddii, lagu mashaysiiyey
Mahdigii naloo sheegay iyo, malihi beenowye” – Aadan axmed Yuusuf (Aadan-Carab), Gabayga minister
Tusaaleha 2aad:
Gumaystayaashii Dalka haystay oon iyagu ‘xil’ iska saarin dowlad-wanaagga 10kii sano (1950-60) ee dalka loo diyaarinayey madaxbanaani. Markii waqtigan (1950-1960) la soo gaaray, waxa uu gumaystahu keliya ka fakarayey in la helo oo ay tababbaraan dad soomaaliyeed oo ‘xilalka’ kala wareega inta ka horraysa 1960-ka, laakiin tababbaradaas kuma aysan darin sidii ay dadkaas u noqon kari lahaayeen kuwo shacabka u adeegga (Dowlad-wanaaag).
Sidoo kale dadkii loo diyaarinayey in ay ‘xilalka’ la wareegaan oo hogaanka iyo xilalka sare ee wadanka qabtaan, ayaan iyaguna ka fakarin in ay shacabka soomaaliyeed u horseedaan oo dhisaan nidaam dowladnimo iyo siyaasad bulsho (social policy) oo shacabkooda u adeega, balse keliya ka fakarayey sidii ay jagooyinka ay gumaysteyaashu ka tagaan ugu fariisan lahaayeen oo ay dadka ugu talin lahaayeen si la mid ah sidii iyo habkii gumaystahu ugu talinayey iyaga iyo shacabkaba. Danjire Mohamed Osman Omar (AUN) ayaa arintan buuggiisa uga faallooday oo isagu goobjoog u ahaa kana mid ahaa jiilkaas loo tababbaray in ay gumaystaha dalka kala wareegaan:
“(..) The Italians had to complete the job of Somalization by the UN’s designated target date for independence at the end of the decade. The system of training became like learning to drive without knowing the functioning of the engine, or like sitting beside the driving instructor and merely being shown how to hold the steering wheel. If the Italians were in a hurry to complete the job of Somalization, so were we. We were very hungry for power. We wanted to see ourselves sitting on the chair of the boss.We wanted to ring the bell to call the messenger. We imagined ourselves as directors, walking down the corridors of ministry buildings with files under our arms and with people stepping aside as we swept past, then falling in step behind us”. (Omar 1992:29: The Road To Zero – Somali’s Self-destruction).
Danjire Mohamed Osman Omar waxa u marqaati furaya Hal-abuurkii Xaaji Aadan Afqalooc, Illaahay swt haw naxariistee, oo isagu gabay ku tilmaamay sidii ay dadkii xilalka xafiisyada dalka qabtay ay xukumka ugu hammuun qabeen oo aysan baahidiibulshadu qabtay aysan u daboolin iyo rajadii ay lahaayeen:
“Tallaabada mid Gaalkii shabbaha tegey malliibaane
Adiga oo waxuun tabanayoo tegey halkuu joogo
Markuu sida libaax raqi u taal qoorta kor u taago
Oo uu Tayga luquntiisa sudhan taabto faraqiisa
Oo inaad Addoonkiisa tahay taasna la ahaatay
Oo aan dadkana wax u tarayn callanna tageerin
Oo inuu adduun badan tabcado taa qudha u jeeda
Iyana waa tabaalaha wakhtiga taynu aragnaaye” – Xaaji Aadan Axmed Xassan ‘Af-Qalooc’, Tabaalaha Wakhtiga (1966).
Sida labada tusaale ina tusayaan, waxa isu yimid shacabkii oo kaliya maskaxda ku hayay in ay barwaaqo-sooran gaaraan oo dowladnimada ka helaan hanti, iyo madaxdii dalka iyo xafiisyada wadanka oo kaliya maskaxda ku hayay xukunka, xukuminta shacabka iyo sidii ay dowladnimada hanti uga taransan lahaayeen.
Tan waxa ay dhashay in la ‘hilmaamay’ in soomaalidu dhisato nidaam iyo siyaasad bulsho iyagu ay leeyihiin oo cusub oo ka gedisan tii miyiga(baadiyaha) si ay suuro gal u noqoto in qabiilo iyo beelo kala duwan oo soomaaliyeed magaalada ugu wada noolaan lahaayeen si nabad ah waxna u wada qabsan lahaayeen una qaybsan lahaayeen. ‘Iyagu ay leeyihiin’ waxaan uga jeedaa, in labada jeer ee laysku dayey in la sameeyo xeer cusub (siyaasad bulsho) oo ka gedisan xeer soomaaligii hore, waxa labada jeerba (1aad Dastuurkii 1960-kii iyo 2aad Dastuurka federaalka 2012-ka) la soo ‘amaahday’ siyaasado bulshooyin kale oo aan ku dabaqmi karin bulshada soomaaliyeed sidaas daraadeed ayuu Dastuurkii 1960-kii u shaqayn waayey, Dastuurka maanta ee federaalka ahna u sal-dhigan la-yahay.
In markii magaalada laysugu yimi madax iyo shacab, aysan bulshadu samaysan xeerkii, mabaadi’dii iyo hab-nololeedkii ay ku wada noolaan lahayd waxna ku wada qabsan lahayd, waxa ay bulshada soomaaliyeed dhaxalsiisay in ay dib ugu laabato oo ay soo ‘amaahato’ afkaartii iyo mabaadii’dii ku jaangonaa qabiilka iyo reeraha ee ay isticmaali jirtay markii ay reer guuraaga bulshadu u badnayd. Kuwaasna waxa ay noqdeen kuwo aan Bulshada u shaqaynayn, balse waxa ceeb ah in aan illaa maanta (54 sano kadib) la hayn hindise siyaasad bulsho oo rasmi ah oo ka run sheegaya qaab-dhaqan-dhismeedka bulshada soomaaliyeed (social structure) isla markaasna ka tarjumaya nolosha cusub ee magaalada. Ceeb kuma aha shaqsiga in uu isticmaalo waxa uu haystay ee uu yaqaan haddaan loo bedelin oo aan wax uu ku bedesho la siin (oo aan maankiisa la gelin). Bulshooyinka arintan tijaabiyey kuna guulaystay waxa ka mida bulshada Maraykanka.
Qarnigii 17aad iyo 18aad ayaa bulshooyinka reer Yurub u qaxeen una tahriibeen dalka Maraykanka kadibna ay xukumeen (The British Colony), balse markii ay Maraykan tageen kuma aysan dhaqmin xeerarkii iyo dhaqamadii ay yaqaaneen ee ay ku dhaqmi jireen markii ay dalalkooda Yurub joogeen (aristocracy), ee waxa ay samaysteen xeer iyo nidaam cusub (democracy). Xeer – iyo bulsho-yahankii qarnigii 19aad ayaa buuggiisa democracy in America ku tibaaxay:
“The emigrants who colonized the shores of America in the beginning of the seventeenth century somehow separated the democratic principle from all the principles that it had to contend with in the old communities of Europe, and transplanted it alone to the New World” “(..) A new science of politics is needed for a new world”. – (Tocqueville 1835-40:vol 1).
Haddaba bulshada soomaaliyeed waxa ay dhawr sano gelisay sidii loo heli lahaa shaqsiyaad dalka iyo dadka hogaamiya, balse waxa cad in shaqsigu macne lahayn hadduu haysan wax lagu heshiiyay oo uu tixraaco islamarkaasna isaga ilaaliya isna uu ilaaliyo. Sidaas daraadeed waxa la gaaray wakhtigii bulshada soomaaliyeed ka leexan lahayd jidka ‘shaqsidoonka’ oo ay u leexan lahayd jidka ‘nidaamdoonka’. Haddaan taa la yeelin maalin walba waxa ay ahaan doontaa shalay!
W/Q Zamzam Cilmi-Shabeel
Master of Science in social sciences
E-mail: zamzam_shabeel@hotmail.com
The statements, views and opinions expressed in this column are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of AGGM.
